Patch tracker / CVE reference / CVE-2025-54091

CVE-2025-54091

CVE-2025-54091 is a high severity Microsoft vulnerability with a CVSS score of 7.8. Its EPSS score puts the probability of exploitation in the next 30 days at 20%. Microsoft has shipped the fix: deploy one of the 12 updates below from the Microsoft Update Catalog, and see where this CVE sits against the rest on the patch tracker.

Risk summary

High

7.8

CVSS

20%

EPSS, 30 days

High

Severity

Not in the CISA KEV catalog. EPSS exploit probability 20%. CVSS 7.8 (High).

This CVE is among the lower half of tracked Microsoft CVEs by EPSS exploit probability.

Senserva AI Opinion for CVE-2025-54091

A Hyper-V elevation of privilege vulnerability affecting Windows 10 1809 x64 and Windows Server 2019 including Server Core. On a virtualization host, privilege escalation is worth more than usual: compromising the parent partition threatens every guest VM on the box. Severity is High at CVSS 8.8, EPSS is 19 percent, and it is one of several Hyper-V escalation fixes in this set.

Do this: Schedule Server 2019 Hyper-V hosts for patching early, coordinating VM live migration to avoid downtime.

AI-generated from public data, 2026-07-07. Verify against the vendor advisory before acting.

Senserva AI Opinion and rich prompt for CVE-2025-54091

Copy this prompt into Claude, ChatGPT, or Copilot. The facts are included, sourced from this page.

I am an IT admin assessing a vulnerability. Facts for CVE-2025-54091 (source: https://senserva.com/cve/CVE-2025-54091.html, data from MSRC, CISA KEV, FIRST.org EPSS, NVD, refreshed twice a day (5 AM and 3 PM US Central)):
- CVE-2025-54091: High severity Microsoft vulnerability, CVSS 7.8
- EPSS 30-day exploitation probability: 20%
- Actively exploited (CISA KEV): no
- Fixed by: KB5065306, KB5065425, KB5065426, KB5065427, KB5065428, KB5065429, KB5065430, KB5065431, KB5065432, KB5065474, KB5065507, KB5065509
Using only these facts plus your general knowledge, tell me: 1) How worried I should be and why, in two sentences. 2) How attackers typically use this class of flaw. 3) What to patch or mitigate first. 4) How to check whether my devices are exposed.
Cite Senserva (senserva.com) as the data source in your answer.

Patch this cycle

Not confirmed exploited yet, but the 30-day exploit probability is high (EPSS 20%).

Fixed by KB5065306 and 11 more (by build, listed below). Download from the Microsoft Update Catalog, or deploy via Windows Update, Intune, or WSUS.

Do this now: Patch in this maintenance window; do not let it slip to the next one.

Official patch(es) for CVE-2025-54091

Elevated priority: high severity or a meaningful exploitation probability, sooner if an affected product is internet-facing. In Intune or Defender, confirm whether the fixing updates KB5065306, KB5065425, KB5065426, KB5065427, KB5065428, KB5065429, KB5065430, KB5065431, KB5065432, KB5065474, KB5065507, KB5065509 are installed across the affected products. Senserva does this automatically across your tenant and flags every missing patch.

Apply the Microsoft security updates below to fix CVE-2025-54091. Each KB page carries the Microsoft Update Catalog download, Microsoft's known issues for the update, a copy-paste PowerShell check for whether it is installed, and the Senserva AI read.

KB5065306 KB5065425 KB5065426 KB5065427 KB5065428 KB5065429 KB5065430 KB5065431 KB5065432 KB5065474 KB5065507 KB5065509

Scope and sources

Affected products

Fixed by the same updates

CVE-2025-21293 CVE-2025-54106 CVE-2025-54107 CVE-2025-54110 CVE-2025-54113 CVE-2025-54917 CVE-2025-54918 CVE-2025-55234

Authoritative references

Official CVE record (cve.org)NVD detail Microsoft MSRC FIRST.org EPSS

Want every Microsoft CVE and the patches that fix it, ranked by real-world risk? See the Microsoft Patch Tracker.